Lucknow History In Urdu:
Lucknow ki tehzeb o sakafat bari mashoor hai, hindustani tehzeb ek makhloot tehzeb hai, khaas tor se shumali hind mein aur sach hai ke hindustani tehzeb bari jazib nazar hai jis mein sadiyon ki dastan posheda hai, hazrat eesa se qabal 5ooo sal ki tarekh ka hawala tehreron mein darj hai, qadem hijri ehad sab se lamba ehad tha phir madiniyat ka pata laga, aur tehzeb mein badlao aya, dhere dhere jaded ehad mein insan ne kafi taraki ki aur ye sach hai ke jab insan zindagi guzarne ki ashiya farahim karleta hai, to wo apni tamam tar salahiyaten fanon latifa mein buroe kar lata hai, warna wo sirf ghiza ki khatir jangon mein bhatakta phirta hai, hindustan, janobi africa, magrabi europe aur janobi hindustan mein khudai mein pai jane wali ashiya mein jo mushabahat hai wo qadem ehad ke logon ki jadojahad ko jahir karti hai, nez ye ke insan aik jagah se dusri jaga ghoom ghoom kar apni zaruriyat zindagi Farahim karte the, hindustan ek aisa mulk hai, jahan qadeem zamane se hi degar aqwam ke ane ka silsila yahan ki makhlot tehzeb ki taraf ishara karta hai, darasal ye degar aqwam ke anjazab se hi mumkin hai, ke yahan ranga rang tehzeb dekhne ko milti hai, dili jo ke hindustan ka dil kaha jata hai, lodhi hukumat mein sikandar lodhi ne saltanat ko aghra muntakil kiya, aur mugal hukamranon mein babar humayu aur akbar o jahanger ne aghra se hi hindustan par hukumat ki magar shahjahan badshah ne dehli ko paya takhat banakar ise wo azmat ata ki ke aj phir delhi hindustan ka dil o jan hai, delhi ke bad agar kisi riyasat ka naam ata hai, to wo lucknow hai, jahan irani nazad nawaben auhda ne raj kia, aur giyara nawabon ne ise aisi taraki di ke sari duniya mein shehra hogaya, agar cha aj lucknow ki surat badal gai hai, magar mashraki tamdan ka akhri namona apne dhundhele nakosh ke sath aj bhi jalwa gar hai.
Culture of Lucknow In Urdu:
Lucknow ki tehzeb o sakafat ki dag bail duniya ke dusre hatim zaman nawab asif ul dola ke zamane mein yani 1775 mein pari, is doran irani, torani, aur khas tor se dehli se akar log yaha bas rahe the, aur lucknow huma jehat taraki ki rahon par gamzan tha, lucknow ki wasanadari apni jaren mazbot kar rahi thi, wasanadari benam hamdardi, emandari, haya, sakhawat, qanaat, quwat e bardast, khudari, mehnat, waqt ki qadar o qeemat wa pabandi, sachai ki sachi aur akwam ki sachi yakrangi ki tasweren is waqt lucknow ke awam o khas the, sharafat libas, libas se lekar zindagi ke har shaube mein saraiyat kargai thi, aur ye sab kuch apne urooj par puhnch kar wajid ali shahke zamane tak qaim raha, ye arsa lucknow ke liye ek hasen khuwab se kum na tha, is fiza ko sanwarne mein sadiyon ki mehnat aur kawish darkar thi, jab shaikhon ne galba kia to ye talke jiyun ki tiyun kaem rahe, aur jab nawaben auhda ka dor hua to inhon Ne talka daron ke haqoq bahal rakhe, balkehapne suba ki taraki mein madadgar ki hasiyat se khayal kiya, ye talka dar mosiki, art, adab ke sath tamerat mein bhi dilchaspi rakhte the, urdu adab mein taraki bhi isi zamane mein apne urooj par thi, balke ye kaha jae ke urdu zaban isi dor sakafat ka parwan charhi to baja hai, lucknow ki tehzeb ganga jamni tehzeb ke mutaradif thi, husan mein hindu aur musalman do bari qomen mil kar ek rang hogaen thi, aur darja khalat malat howen ke ek ne dusre ke culture ko apnane mein koi burai na samjha, aur nateja ek mushtarka culture ki shakal mein ronma hua, yani,hindu taziya dari mein barh charh kar hisa lete the, aur musalman hukamran se lekar awam tak holi, dewali, basant ke tehwar mil jul kar manate the, har taraf khushal thi, bare bare mushaire munakad kiye jate the, aur inam o ikram se nawaza jata, lucknow ki shairi bakaida ek dabastan ki hasiyat ikhtiyar kar chuki Thi, delhi ke bad lucknow hi ek jae panah thi, choti choti riyasaten bhi in sakafati kamon mein barh charh kar hisa leti thin, jin mein riyasat mehmooda bad ka nam sar e fehrist hai, jis se shehrae afaq shair o adba wabasta rahe jin mein aziz lucknowi zaref luknowi, mirza muhamad askari, mani jaesi, riyaz khair abadi, jalib dehilwi, sajad hyder paldaram, aur sajad husain wagera ke nam khas hen, talka dar khud awla zok rakhte the.
Lucknow Ki Tareekh:
1775 se 1854 tak audha ka ye dor apni awla tehzeb o sakafat ke liye duniya mein mashoor hogaya, is doran siyasi halat se katah nazar agar dekha jae to nawaben audha ne wo tehzebi rawayat ata ken jo na is se pehle thin, aur na is ke bad inka nishan paya jata hai, nawab asif ul dola ne imarton ka silsila qaim kia aur asfi imam bara, aur romi gate ki tamer karai, lucknow ko fakhar ul balad asif ul dola ne banaya, lucknow bagon ka shehar kaha jane laga, lucknow ki khas tehzeb ko Samjhne ke liye tarekh ke auraak ki wark gardani karni hogi, magar is waqt sirf is biyan se iktafa kia jasakta hai ke musalmanu ke qayam aur istahkam ke sath hi pure hindustan mein khas tor se shumal hind mein tarak, afghan, aur maglon ne jis tehzeb ka takham boya tha isi ka samra tha ke nawaben audha ne ise tanawar banadia, aj duniya mein lucknow be nam khobsurat emarat, hindu muslim yakjehti aur awla sakafati karnamon ke liye mashur hai, rajab ali baig sawar ka ye bayan lucknow par sadiq ata tha sanar muwan bhi jiska khusha jaben hai.
Wo baishak lucknow ki sar zamen hai asif ul dola ke waqt mein riyasat bareli, lucknow aur Allahabad yani sirf 3 subon mein munkisam reh gai thi sadat ali khan, chonke angrezon ne nawab asif ul dola ke baite wazir Ali ko haq hukumat o saltanat se mehrom kar ke nawab sadat Ali khan ko lucknow ka nawab banaya tha, aur is ke sile mein Allahabad aur karha ke ilake in se le liye the, angrezon ki resha dawaniyon ne audha ki saltanat ko khokhla karna shuru kardia tha,isi liye kaha bhi jata hai ke az sadat taba sadat, yani sadat khan burhan ul malik se lekar sadat ali khan tak ka ehad siyasi aitabar se qadre sakun ka tha, lekin bad mein angrezon ne dast daraziyan shuru kardi thin, dhere dhere nawben ke iktadar kum hote gae, aur wajid ali shah ke dor tak ate ate ye hukumat apni basat kho bethi, aur sirf tarekh ke aurak mein rakam hogai. Lucknow ki tehzeb jise nawben audha ne sajaya, sanwara, wo darasal irani tehzeb thi,jis mein hindu aur musalman tehzeb ke anasir shamil hogae, sadat khan burhan ul malik audha ke pehle sube dar kafi tajarbekar aur madbar the, inhon ne apne bhanje aur damad abul mansor safdar jang naib sube dar ka ehda dila kar sarfaraz kia, in ke liye shuja ul dola ne faiz abad ko ronaq bakhsh, jangi shadi dil ke badshah ki munh boli beti Amina ul Aehra se hui thi, jo apne sath kafi jahaiz lekar ai thi, jo aenda auhda ki khushali mein mawan sabit hua, umat ul zehra ko bahu begum, ka khitab mila tha, shuja ul dola ke haran mein sab se zayada martaba bahu begum ko hasil tha faiz abad ki tarekh mein ye nam darakhshan hai, in ka makbara shumali hindustan ki imarton mein nayab hai magar makhfi hai.
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| lucknow rumi darwaza |
Logon ki nazron se yani iski qadro qeemat se bahu begum ki azmat ka andaza lagaya jasakta hai,jis waqt asif ul dola lucknow ko istahkam bakhsh rahe the, is waqt bhi bahu begum ke khazane hi in ke kam ae, baksar ki larai mein inka khazana kam aya, bahu begum kuch dino asif ul dola ke sath lucknow mein bhi rahen, kaha jata hai hai ke inki lucknow amad par shaharahon par ashrafiyan lutai gai thin. Wo angrezon ki sazishon ka shikar bhi hui, 1814 men inka intakal hua, aur is ke bad faiz abad ki ronaqen zawal pazer hoi. Bahu begum ki sas yani abul mansor safdar jang ki zoja nawab begum jinhen safdar e jahan begum ka khitab mila tha, mahal mein inhen nawab begum ka khitab mila tha, mahal mein inhen nawab begum hi kaha jata tha. Buhat hoshiyar aur awla martabat khaton thin, asif ul dola ho begum ke bete the, inki shadi dewan dili ke imtiaz dola ki dukhtar shamul nisa begum se hui thin, jis mein 1749 mein shah alam badshah khud begmat audha mein akhri tajdar audha begum hazrat mehal ka nam bhi darakhshan hai jo apne bete par jis qadar ki ek sal tak ehda badshahat ki sar parasti karti rahen, aur jab angrezon ki shorsh had se barhi to kabhi hathi, aur kabhi ghore par bar jes qadar ko sath liye hue morcha jamati thin, inho ne jang zarur hari magar himat na hari thi, inhon ne angrezon ke wazife ko thukradia , hamalia ki tarai mein angrezon ki foj ka difah karti rahin, akhir nepal mein inhon ne apni zindagi guzari, aur wahen madfon huien.
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